ABSTRACT Introduction Athletes naturally feel anxiety and tension during competition, where mild worry and stress can further encourage athlete performance, but severe anxiety seriously interferes with athlete performance on the field. Objective Study the effects of anxiety on competition results. Methods This paper analyzes 40 athletes from various sports, use the relevant scoring methods on the competition situation anxiety scale, makes statistics on athletes’ psychological scores and athletes’ anxiety with different competition outcomes, and draws relevant charts aiming to better observe the psychological situation of athletes with different competition levels. Results Athletes have different types of anxiety in the competition process, and athletes with different competition outcomes also have different anxiety emphases. Among them, athletes with high sports levels often feel nervous and anxious about the results of competitions and the fiercest competition. The degree of anxiety about their actions is relatively low; athletes with lower performance are just the opposite. Conclusion Coaches should perform targeted psychological counseling to adjust the mentality of athletes to achieve a better competitive state. Level of evidence II; Therapeutic studies - investigation of treatment outcomes.

RESUMEN Introducción Los atletas sienten naturalmente ansiedad y tensión en el transcurso de la competición, donde una ligera preocupación y el estrés pueden favorecer aún más el rendimiento de los atletas, pero una ansiedad grave interfiere seriamente en el rendimiento del atleta en el campo. Objetivo Estudiar los efectos de la ansiedad en los resultados de la competición. Métodos Este trabajo analiza a 40 atletas de varios deportes, utiliza los métodos de puntuación pertinentes en la escala de ansiedad ante la situación de competición, realiza estadísticas sobre las puntuaciones psicológicas de los atletas y la ansiedad de los mismos con diferentes resultados de competición, y elabora gráficos pertinentes con el objetivo de observar mejor la situación psicológica de los atletas con diferentes niveles de competición. Resultados Los deportistas tienen diferentes tipos de ansiedad en el proceso de competición, y los deportistas con diferentes resultados en la competición también tienen diferentes énfasis de ansiedad. Entre ellos, los atletas de alto nivel deportivo suelen sentirse nerviosos y ansiosos ante los resultados de la competición y la competencia más feroz, y el grado de ansiedad ante sus propias acciones es relativamente bajo; los atletas de menor rendimiento son todo lo contrario. Conclusión Los entrenadores deben realizar un asesoramiento psicológico específico para ajustar la mentalidad de los deportistas y lograr un mejor estado competitivo. Nivel de evidencia II; Estudios terapéuticos - investigación de los resultados del tratamiento.

RESUMO Introdução Os atletas naturalmente sentem ansiedade e tensão no decorrer da competição, onde uma leve preocupação e estresse podem encorajar ainda mais o desempenho dos atletas, mas uma ansiedade grave interfere seriamente no desempenho do atleta no campo. Objetivo Estudar os efeitos da ansiedade nos resultados das competições. Métodos Este trabalho analisa 40 atletas de vários esportes, utiliza os métodos de pontuação relevantes na escala de ansiedade de situação de competição, faz estatísticas sobre a pontuação psicológica de atletas e a ansiedade de atletas com diferentes resultados de competições, e desenha quadros relevantes, visando melhor observar a situação psicológica de atletas com diferentes níveis de competição. Resultados Atletas têm diferentes tipos de ansiedade no processo de competição, e atletas com diferentes resultados de competição têm também diferentes ênfases na ansiedade. Entre eles, atletas com alto nível esportivo muitas vezes se sentem nervosos e ansiosos diante dos resultados das competições e da competição mais acirrada, e o grau de ansiedade sobre suas próprias ações é relativamente baixo; os atletas com desempenho inferior são exatamente o oposto. Conclusão Os treinadores devem realizar aconselhamento psicológico direcionado, de modo a ajustar a mentalidade dos atletas para alcançar um melhor estado competitivo. Nível de evidência II; Estudos terapêuticos - investigação dos resultados do tratamento.

RESUMO Introdução A pesquisa no efeito do exercício sobre a densidade óssea humana e o conteúdo muscular esquelético está concentrada principalmente na população de meia-idade e na população idosa. Entretanto, há poucos estudos no efeito de diferentes esportes sobre a densidade óssea e muscular em estudantes universitários e adolescentes. Objetivo Estudar o efeito do treinamento físico sobre a densidade óssea e a capacidade de salto nos membros inferiores de jovens. Métodos Analisa-se a relação entre a densidade mineral óssea e a capacidade de salto dos membros inferiores por estatísticas matemáticas. Indivíduos do sexo masculino entre 10 a 20 anos de idade foram divididos em grupo de adolescência inicial (n=26) e tardia (n=37). De acordo com a situação de treino, foram divididos em grupo atlético pré-adolescente (n=11), não atlético (n=15); grupo atlético na puberdade (n=11) e não atlético (n=15). Os seguintes indicadores foram utilizados: densidade óssea, teste de pulo vertical, teste de pulo vertical contínuo, índice RDJ. Resultados A densidade mineral óssea (DMO) dos atletas está relacionada com sua força muscular. Esses resultados indicam uma certa conexão interna entre a (DMO) do tecido ósseo e o desenvolvimento da força muscular. Portanto, há evidências de diferenças na densidade mineral óssea dos membros inferiores e na capacidade de saltar entre os dois grupos. Conclusão A densidade mineral óssea nos membros inferiores dos adolescentes está correlacionada com a capacidade de saltar. O exercício pode ajudar a melhorar a densidade óssea nos adolescentes. Nível de evidência II; Estudos terapêuticos - Investigação de resultados.

ABSTRACT Introduction The research on the exercise effect on the human bone density and skeletal muscle content mainly focuses on the middle-aged and elderly population. However, few studies on different sports’ effects upon bone and muscle density in college students and adolescents. Objective Study the effect of physical training on bone density and lower limb jumping ability in young people. Methods The relationship between bone mineral density and lower limb jumping ability was analyzed by mathematical statistics. Male individuals aged 10-20 years were divided into the early adolescence group (n=26) and late adolescence group (n=37). According to training status, they were divided into preadolescent athletic group (n=11), non-athletic group (n=15); puberty athletic group (n=11) and non-athletic group (n=15). The following indicators were used: bone density, vertical jump test, continuous vertical jump test, RDJ index. Results Athletes’ bone mineral density (BMD) is related to their muscle strength. These results suggest a certain internal connection between the (BMD) of bone tissue and the development of muscle strength. Therefore, there is evidence of differences in lower limb bone mineral density and jumping ability between the two groups. Conclusion Bone mineral density in the lower limbs of adolescents is correlated with jumping ability. Exercise can help improve bone density in adolescents. Evidence level II; Therapeutic Studies - Investigating the results.

RESUMEN Introducción La investigación sobre el efecto del ejercicio en la densidad ósea humana y el contenido muscular esquelético se concentra principalmente en la población de mediana y avanzada edad. Sin embargo, hay pocos estudios sobre el efecto de los diferentes deportes en la densidad ósea y muscular en estudiantes universitarios y adolescentes. Objetivo Estudiar el efecto del entrenamiento físico sobre la densidad ósea y la capacidad de salto de los miembros inferiores en jóvenes. Métodos La relación entre la densidad mineral ósea y la capacidad de salto de las extremidades inferiores se analizó mediante estadística matemática. Individuos del sexo masculinos de entre 10 y 20 años se dividieron en el grupo de adolescentes tempranos (n=26) y adolescentes tardíos (n=37). Según el estado de entrenamiento, fueron repartidos en grupo atlético preadolescente (n=11), grupo no atlético (n=15); grupo atlético puberal (n=11) y grupo no atlético (n=15). Se utilizaron los siguientes indicadores: densidad ósea, prueba de salto vertical, prueba de salto vertical continuo, índice RDJ. Resultados La densidad mineral ósea (DMO) de los deportistas está relacionada con su fuerza muscular. Estos resultados indican una cierta conexión interna entre la (DMO) del tejido óseo y el desarrollo de la fuerza muscular. Por lo tanto, existen pruebas de las diferencias en la densidad mineral ósea de las extremidades inferiores y en la capacidad de salto entre los dos grupos. Conclusión La densidad mineral ósea en las extremidades inferiores de los adolescentes está correlacionada con la capacidad de salto. El ejercicio puede ayudar a mejorar la densidad ósea en los adolescentes. Nivel de evidencia II; Estudios terapéuticos - Investigación de resultados.

Abstract To investigate the effect of polyurea on the protective performance of a steel target plate under the combination of shock wave and fragments, the failure characteristics, damage process and micro mechanism of the polyurea coated steel plates with different coating methods under the combination of explosion shock waves and fragments were analyzed through experiments and numerical simulations. The results showed that single-sided coatings aggravated the damage of target plate when the coating thickness was 2 mm. While the polyurea thickness greater than 4 mm could significantly reduce the damage degree of the steel plate. When the polyurea was coated on the double sides, it would aggravate the damage, no matter how thick the polyurea was. Through microscopic research, it was found that the front coated polyurea was severely ablated by detonation products, which greatly reduce its energy absorption efficiency. The polyurea coated on the back underwent tensile fracture under the influence of tensile stress wave. The breaking of intramolecular hydrogen bond of polyurea was the key to the energy absorption of polyurea.

Abstract The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of Viscum coloratum (Kom.) Nakai f. Lutescens Kitag polysaccharide on fertility, longevity and antioxidant capacity of Drosophila melanogaster. The Drosophila melanogaster were randomly divided into five groups. Four generations of Drosophila melanogaster were cultured continuously in basic medium with or without polysaccharides (400, 200, 100 and 50 mg/L). The changes in fertility, lifespan and male-to-female ratio from F1 to F4 generation. The survival time under acute oxidative damage caused by paraquat and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and changes in superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and malondialdehyde (MDA) content were determined as well. High dose of V. coloratum polysaccharide could significantly improve the fertility and lifespans of Drosophila melanogaster from F1 to F4 generation, prolong the survival time under acute oxidative damage. Moreover, the MDA content was decreased sharply, while the activities of SOD and CAT were increased in high group. However, the male-to-female ratio was overall close to 1:1 for F1 to F4 generations among the four groups. V. coloratum polysaccharide improved the antioxidant capacity and vitality of Drosophila melanogaster and promoted their reproductive capacity in a dose-dependent manner.

RESUMO Em 2008, nosso país sediou os Jogos Olímpicos, em que a China ganhou a maior parte das medalhas de ouro. Após os Jogos Olímpicos, a China também se tornou uma potência esportiva mundial. O tênis de mesa, o salto ornamental, a patinação e outros esportes também estão em posições de liderança. Neste estudo, de acordo com o atual estado de treinamento dos jogadores de futebol chineses, usamos o algoritmo de mineração de dados para analisar a falta de aceleração e velocidade dos atletas chineses na corrida. No estudo, esses indicadores foram quantificados e analisados, elevando o nível do treinamento os jogadores de futebol chineses.

ABSTRACT In 2008, our country successfully held the Olympic Games, where China won the most gold medals. After these Olympic Games, China has also become a world sports power. Our country’s table tennis, diving, skating and other sports are also in the leading ranks in the world. In this study, according to the current training status of Chinese football players, we used data mining algorithm to analyze the unawareness of acceleration and speed of Chinese athletes in the running process. In this study, these indicators were quantified and analyzed, which has successfully promoted the training level of Chinese football players.

RESUMEN En 2008, China celebró con éxito los Juegos Olímpicos.China ganó la mayoría de las medallas de oro en los Juegos Olímpicos.Después de los Juegos Olímpicos, China también se ha convertido en una potencia deportiva mundial.El tenis de mesa, el buceo y el patinaje sobre hielo en China también están en la posición de liderazgo en el mundo.De acuerdo con la situación actual del entrenamiento de los jugadores de Fútbol en nuestro país, este trabajo analiza la falta de percepción de la aceleración y velocidad de los jugadores de Fútbol en el proceso de correr con el algoritmo de minería.Y en los resultados de la investigación, el análisis cuantitativo de estos indicadores ha mejorado con éxito el nivel de entrenamiento de los jugadores de fútbol chinos.

The melamine and cyanuric acid (CA) complex has been suggested to cause the toxic effects observed in melamine-contaminated food or milk. However, the cytotoxic and genotoxic effects of co-exposure to melamine and CA are not fully clear. Therefore, the cytotoxic effects of melamine and CA were first examined by co‐exposure in human kidney 293 cells using the MTT assay. During a 24-h period for the three concentrations tested (0.5, 1, and 5 mg/mL), neither melamine nor CA alone showed significant toxic effects on 293 cells at 0.5 mg/mL, while higher concentrations led to decreased in cell viability. However, co-exposure to several combinations of melamine and CA [100:1, 10:1, 1:10, and 1:100 (v:v), at a final concentration of 0.5 mg/mL] did cause cytotoxicity with higher levels of CA leading to higher cytotoxicity. By contrast, while neither melamine nor CA alone induced phosphorylated-H2AX (γH2AX) foci formation, melamine and CA at a 100:1 ratio induced γH2AX foci 24 h post-treatment. The alkaline comet assay also revealed the presence of DNA damage following melamine and CA co-exposure. In vivo assay also revealed the presence of melamine-CA complex in the kidney. These data indicated that the cytotoxic and genotoxic effects of melamine and CA co-exposure differ from those of melamine or CA alone.

Exercise-based training decreases hospitalizations in heart failure patients but such patients have exercise intolerance. The objectives of the study were to evaluate the effect of 12 weeks of Tai Chi exercise and lower limb muscles' functional electrical stimulation in older chronic heart failure adults. A total of 1,084 older adults with chronic systolic heart failure were included in a non-randomized clinical trial (n=271 per group). The control group did not receive any kind of intervention, one group received functional electrical stimulation of lower limb muscles (FES group), another group practiced Tai Chi exercise (TCE group), and another received functional electrical stimulation of lower limb muscles and practiced Tai Chi exercise (FES & TCE group). Quality of life and cardiorespiratory functions of all patients were evaluated. Compared to the control group, only FES group had increased Kansas City Cardiomyopathy Questionnaire (KCCQ) score (P<0.0001, q=9.06), only the TCE group had decreased heart rate (P<0.0001, q=5.72), and decreased peak oxygen consumption was reported in the TCE group (P<0.0001, q=9.15) and FES & TCE group (P<0.0001, q=10.69). FES of lower limb muscles and Tai Chi exercise can recover the quality of life and cardiorespiratory functions of older chronic heart failure adults (trial registration: Research Registry 4474, January 1, 2015).

Abstract Rice starches with different amylose contents were treated with sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) to deplete surface proteins and lipids, and the changes in molecular structure, thermal properties, and enzymatic hydrolysis were evaluated. SDS treatment did not significantly change the molecular weight distribution, crystalline structure, short-range ordered degree, and gelatinization properties of starch, but significantly altered the pasting properties and increased the swelling power of starch. The removal of surface proteins and lipids increased the enzymatic hydrolysis and in vitro digestion of starch. The influences of removing surface proteins and lipids from starch on swelling power, pasting properties, and enzymatic hydrolysis were different among the various starches because of the differences in molecular structures of different starch styles. The aforementioned results indicated that removing the surface proteins and lipids from starch did not change the molecular structure but had significant effects on some functional properties.

ABSTRACT Objective: To assess the impact of Doxazosin Oral Intake Therapy on urinary symptoms and pain in patients with indwelling ureteral stents Patients and Methods: A total of 239 patients with ureteral stone-related hydronephrosis who underwent a double-J stent insertion after ureteroscopic lithotripsy were enrolled. Patients were randomized to receive doxazosin cotrolled release 4 mg once daily for 4 weeks or matching placebo. Patients completed the brief-form Chinese version Ureteric Stent Symptom Questionnaire (USSQ) and quality of life (QoL) score 2 weeks and 4 weeks after stent placement and 4 weeks after stent withdrawal. The analgesic use was also recorded during the stenting period. Results: Patients in Doxazosin Oral Intake Therapy group, in the first 2 weeks and second 2 weeks with the stent in situ, expressed significant lower daytime frequency (p=0.028 and p=0.038), nocturia (p=0.021 and p=0.008) and urgency (p=0.012 and p=0.014), respectively. Similarly, flank pain score, QoL score and analgesic use were also significant less in the stenting period. There was no significant difference in scores of urinary symptoms, pain and QoL during the post-stent period between two cohorts. Conclusions: Doxazosin Oral Intake Therapy reduced stent-related urinary symptoms, pain and the negative impact on QoL.

Melhoras significativas nos rendimentos químicos (até 88%), estereosseletividades (> 99:1) e excessos enantioméricos (até 98%) foram observadas em reações aldólicas assimétricas catalisadas por (L)-prolina, quando líquidos iônicos quirais baseados em prolina (CILs) foram usados como aditivos. Diferentes proporções de DMSO/H2O como solvente, e líquidos iônicos quirais (CILs) com cátions quirais com diferentes comprimentos de cadeia, foram investigados

A significant improvement of the chemical yields (up to 88%), stereoselectivity (> 99:1) and enantiomeric excesses (up to 98%) of (L)-proline catalyzed direct asymmetric aldol reaction was found when proline based chiral ionic liquids (CILs) were added as additives. Different ratios of DMSO/H2O as solvent and chiral ionic liquids (CILs) with chiral cations of different chain length were investigated